Machiavellian Leadership The Prince - 1285 Words

Machiavellian Leadership: Are These Principles Morally Correct to Use Today? For centuries, the political principles brought forth through Nicolà ² Machiavelli in his writing, The Prince, have been quite controversial both on the political forefront and the mainstream of leadership training. Though most people do not know that they are fighting battles over the principles brought about in the writing of Machiavelli. The Prince was written in the years following Machiavelli’s time in the political scene, as secretary of the seigneur, during the republican regime. Since the time these principles were published, the public has gone through different periods of seeing these principles to be either very distasteful or very agreeable. The†¦show more content†¦Charles D. Tarlton, in a journal article of Philosophy, claims The Prince fully embodies a political sense of amorality. In a different sense, William Wittels writes that Machiavelli’s suggests a flexible moral nature as a foolproof way for the prince to ensure himself position himself above the people. Notwithstanding, John McCormick refers to Machiavelli’s perspective as both amoral and cynical. If all of this is true, how can Dr. Wilkinson so fervently agree with the Machiavellian way of leadership? While admitting that the ways in The Prince are negative, brutal, and even unethical, Dr. Wilkinson still believes there to be good teaching in Machiavelli’s ideologies. She outlines the benefits she views can be pulled from this reading as: the founding of loyalty and cooperation, the formation of an organization, and an outline of personal characteristics useful to an effectual administrator. In agreement with Wilkinson, Nathan Tarcov suggests that, in The Prince, Machiavelli advocates that the later benefits of the suggested negative actions to outweigh or even eradicate the earlier injuries. Novelist Thomas Block goes even further by claiming Machiavelli had a great influence, both directly and indirectly, to many different prominent and reputable Americans such as Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson. Block goes on to name other, less favorable, global leaders that have also considered Machiavelli an influence on the conduct of theirShow MoreRelatedThe Political Philosophy Of Niccolo Machiavelli And Socrates1444 Words   |  6 Pagestransition and war, the fragility of their politics, violence of their wars, and the leaders they lived under influenced the development of their differing ideologies about the governing of principalities. From Machiavelli’s experience, came, â€Å"The Prince,† a guidebook about the importance of self-preservation when leading a principality that was gifted to then- governor of Florence Lorenzo de’Medici. The primary ideas shared, rely on committing acts of evil if they are justified with reasoning. FromRead MoreSocrates And Machiavelli Analysis936 Words   |  4 Pageswanted people to live lives as they ought to live them and for the state to be a reflection of that aim. The leader advocated by Machiavelli, The Prince, is far more authoritarian and holds entirely different values in comparison to Socrates. The Prince is an individual who maintains complete hegemony over his subjects through nearly any means. The Prince will lie, kill, torture, and manipulate in order to maintain power and a political status quo. Because of the Prince’s inherent nature to tend toRead MoreSocrates And Machiavelli : A Political Philosopher1666 Words   |  7 PagesSocrates w as a moral philosopher whose goal was to search for truth and knowledge, Machiavelli was a political philosopher whose goal was to create a lasting society with a Prince that could hold power. Because of their clashing ideals, it is unlikely that Socrates would be supportive of a Machiavellian political system or Prince, though there are specific aspects of the society that Socrates would find appealing. One thing that both Socrates and Machiavelli would agree on is that people have limitationsRead MoreSimilarities Between Machiavelli And Socrates1534 Words   |  7 Pagesnot wish to live without his search for truth. Socrates would see a Machiavellian Prince as self-centered, and void of morals. A Machiavellian prince would not appreciate the way Socrates carried himself and would see him as a challenge to his authority. Socrates would not support a Machiavellian society because most likely he would not be free to philosophize as he wished to and would not approve of the methods used by the prince. The discussion that follows is of the ideals of Machiavelli and SocratesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Julius Caesar Essay1609 Words   |  7 PagesThe topic of leadership in Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar has been discussed and argued ever since the play was written. The most prevalent discussion of leadership in the play revolves around Shakespeare’s tragic hero, Marcus B rutus, and the cause of his downfall. According to Shakespeare critic James Bundy, â€Å"Brutus... is a man whose affections sway more than his reason, in whom there is this tragic confederacy of passion and imagination against reason† (qtd. in Palmer 402). Ernest Shanzer, howeverRead MoreThe Prince Machiavelli Summary1016 Words   |  5 PagesIn his article Morality and Politics with Reference to Machaiavelli’s The Prince, Mohammed Seid Ali dissects Machiavelli’s The Prince by analyzing his tactics and applying them to real life situations, both historical and theoretical. Ali highlights the impact of The Prince, its realist ideals, and how they have affected the world’s most powerful institutions. While Ali agrees with many of the underlying principles of Machiavelli, he rebuts specific notions more than once. For example, Ali questionsRead MoreVladimir Putin and Machiavellis The Prince2685 Words   |  11 PagesVladimir Putin’s political le adership style and goals are remarkably similar to the principles outlined in Niccolà ² Machiavelli’s famous advisory book for rulers The Prince. Despite the fact that The Prince was first published in 1532 it is still relevant today, especially in analyzing the rule of Vladimir Putin in Russia. Putin’s leadership style and actions make him a modern day Machiavellian prince. Many of the actions and polices taken by Putin are distinctly Machiavellian in nature. Putin’s foreignRead MoreAnalysis Of The Prince By Niccolo Machiavelli1314 Words   |  6 PagesMACHIAVELLI’S LIVED WORLD: SETTING CONTEXT Niccolà ² Machiavelli’s The Prince was written in a time of political and civil unrest in Italy. For decades the city-state of Florence suffered several political uprisings and the establishment of new governments. From tyrannical rule to the creation of a democratic republic, and finally the re-establishment of the Medici family, The Prince comes from Machiavelli’s lived experiences in these political regimes. Machiavelli blames the division of Italy intoRead MoreThe Ideas Of Machiavelli And Socrates1988 Words   |  8 Pageshave influenced the leadership styles and approaches of leaders around the world. From Stalin to the founding fathers of the United States, Machiavellian influenced motives and ideals can be seen throughout modern history. Socrates is often referred to as the founder of Western philosophy, and his teachings have been passed on to leaders over the centuries. This paper will state both the Machiavelli’s concept of a ‘Prince’, a nd present Socrates’ perspective on the ‘ideal’ prince. It will then evaluateRead MoreGeorge W. Bush s President Of Texas1685 Words   |  7 Pagesthe attacks, he declared a global â€Å"war on terrorism†, which resulted in the formation of the Department of Homeland Security and the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. The Prince, a book written by Niccolo Machiavelli, was seen as a text about its coherent perspectives and noble concepts of Leadership. There is a term called â€Å"Machiavellian†. This term refers to â€Å"the belief that a ruler is justified in using any means necessary to stay in power†. Many people can point out many corrupt scandalous government

The Go-Between - 1085 Words

The Go-Between The story ‘The Go-Between’ is a short story written by Ali Smith in 2009. The story was written for a collection of short stories written to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the United Nations’ adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The story is inspired by Article 13, which stands for the right to freedom of movement. In the story we read about a 33-year-old man who’s name is not revealed. The 33-year old man is a former microbiologist and has worked in a university. In the text we follow this man who gives the reader a directly insight in how it’s like to be an African refugee trying to cross the border between Morocco and Spain. The narrator of the story has tried several times to cross the border†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ I landed in no man’s land! Wise Professor Me.† (p.4, ll.87-88)â€Å"The Cameroon swimmer. Philosophical Proffessor Me. Border Crosser Extraordinaire.† (P.5, l.123-124). There are a lot of personal experiences in the story but Ali Smith do not use any names in the story. I believe that Smith have chosen to do so because the persons in the story represent more than themselves. Ali Smith intensions with the short story are to highlight human rights and show the rest of the world that some people ar e invincible and ‘don’tShow MoreRelatedFrom W.S. by L.P. Hartley1397 Words   |  6 PagesSpectator; Sketch, Observer and Time and Tide. He published his first book, a collection of short stories entitled Night Fears in 1924. His novel Eustace and Hilda (1947) was recognized immediately as a major contribution to English fiction; The Go-Between (1953) and The Hireling (1957) were later made into internationally successful films. In 1967 he published The Novelists Responsibility, a collection of critical essays. L.P. Hartley was a highly skilled narrator and all his tales areRead MoreThe Go-Between1096 Words   |  5 PagesThe Go-Between The story ‘The Go-Between’ is a short story written by Ali Smith in 2009. The story was written for a collection of short stories written to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the United Nations’ adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The story is inspired by Article 13, which stands for the right to freedom of movement. In the story we read about a 33-year-old man who’s name is not revealed. The 33-year old man is a former microbiologist and has worked in a universityRead More The Go-Between1887 Words   |  8 PagesThe Go-Between 1. Overview This book is a memory story: a man in his sixties looks back on his boyhood of the middle class boy recalling the events that took place on a summer visit to an aristocratic family in Norfolk in the 1900’s. The author uses double narrative, the young Leos actions told by the older Leo, and it shows us how it has affected his life Firsttly, I’ll introduce the main characters, their functions and relationships, then I’ll give you a small summary of the story, followedRead MoreThe Go Between and Spies3835 Words   |  16 Pagesâ€Å"THE MAIN CHARACTERS IN THE GO-BETWEEN AND SPIES ARE SOCIALLY OPRRESSED ARE SOCIALLY OPPRESSSED† How far do you agree with this statement? Social Oppression is a main theme explored throughout the two tragic novels, The Go-Between and Spies. Throughout the novels, L.P. Hartley and Michael Frayn successfully convey the idea, through the use of their main characters, the effects of social oppression and class divide. Using many techniques they show how class and oppression had power over the peopleRead MoreBook Report on the Go Between1676 Words   |  7 PagesThe Go-between By L.P. Hartley Leslie Poles Hartley was born in 1895; he studied in Oxford and was officer in France during World War 1. He was novelist, short-story writer and critic. His reputation as a writer was established with the publication of the trilogy of novels, The Shrimp and the Anemone (1944), The Sixth Heaven (1946), and Eustace and Hilda (1947). He died in 1972. The Go-between was first published in 1953, the following year it received the Heinemann Foundation Prize of theRead MoreGreat Expectations and The Go Between1969 Words   |  8 PagesGreat Expectations and The Go Between Both Great Expectations and The Go Between concern young men from lowly backgrounds who find themselves thrust into the world of the leisured classes and are changed forever. What similarities and differences do you see between the ways in which the two authors handle and develop this shared situation? The reason why we have chosenRead MoreThe Go-Between And Lolita Are Two Novels That Challenged966 Words   |  4 PagesThe Go-Between and Lolita are two novels that challenged childhood innocence and sexual experience. Childhood innocence is tested by child life experiences. Innocence can be depicted as the quality of ignorance. In this case, childhood innocence is portrayed through the ignorance of sex and maturation. Sexual Relationships between adolescents and adults are taboo and immoral. These relations usually have undesirable consequences for both parties. This paper will focus on the similarities and differencesRead MoreSelf Growth Happens Between Letting Go And Moving On1170 Words   |  5 PagesSelf-Growth Happens Between Letting Go and Moving On By Yol Swan | Submitted On September 22, 2012 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Yol Swan In the Jewish tradition, the New Year is receivedRead More Ways Hartley and Frayn present Childhood in The Go-Between and Spies1269 Words   |  6 PagesIn the Go-Between, Hartley presents the world of children and childhood through the first person narrative (from the viewpoints of the young and old Leo), Leo’s vivid imagination, the themes of growing up and self-awareness, the conflict between the child and adult world, and the portrayal of Leo as a school boy. Firstly, the writer portrays the world of children through the first person narrative which encapsulates young Leo’s fresh, spontaneous optimism and hope towards the dawning of a newRead MoreThe Correlation Between Influencing Organization Culture And Leaderships Go Hand And Hand787 Words   |  4 Pages The correlation between influencing organization culture and leaderships go hand and hand. Organizational culture refers to the beliefs and values that exist in an organization and to the beliefs of the staff and the foreseen value of their work that will influence their work ethic. Schein (1992, 2004) defines the culture of a group or organization as shared assumptions and beliefs about the world and their place in it, the nature of time and space, human nature, and human relationships. (pg.

Sati System free essay sample

The Prevention of Sati Act makes it illegal to abet, glorify or attempt to commit Sati. Abetment of Sati, including coercing or forcing someone to commit Sati can be punished by death sentence or life imprisonment, while glorifying Sati is punishable with 1–7 years in prison. Within the Indian culture, the highest ideal for a woman are virtue, purity, and allegiance to her husband. This custom in which a woman burns herself either on the funeral pyre of her deceased husband or by herself with a memento after his death is now referred to as sati or, in England, as suttee. In the original meaning, Sati was defined as a woman who was true to her ideals. A pious and virtuous woman would receive the title of Sati. In past few years things are changing in India especially in two provinces Bengal and the Bombay Presidency. The changes that began from this period were to have a huge impact on past few decades. We will write a custom essay sample on Sati System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 1815, a pamphlet written in Bengali caused quite a stir in Calcutta. It was on the evil custom of sati and was written by Ram Mohan Roy had been speaking up for reforms in society, the need to improve the condition of women especially, and, equally important, to ensure that women received an education. Mr. Roy petitioned the government, published pamphlets, and travelled to England to appeal before the British Parliament to ensure the ban on sati. The more conservative groups in society were opposed to what they thought was an intrusion into the traditional customs and ways of people. Mr. Roy attempted to beat these conservative elements at their own game; when they insisted that sati had the sanction of religion, he quoted the scriptures too, to emphasise that none of the ancient Hindu texts ever sanctioned sati. He underlined the fact that the occurrence of sati showed how much society had ‘degenerated’. In response to this, 128 pundits published a manifesto arguing that Roy’s opinion was only that of a minority, and that the government could not defy religion and ban sati. He had gathered a lot of evidence, especially from the ancient Hindu scriptures and law books called the shastras, to show that sati was not obligatory and was in fact the least virtuous act a widow could perform. And that it had meaning only if it was done voluntarily. Mr. Roy later translated the 1815 pamphlet into English. While conservative, orthodox elements argued that sati allowed women who lacked virtuous knowledge to acquire such knowledge and gift it to their families Roy argued that women anyway possessed virtuous knowledge, for their lives showed that they were infinitely more self-sacrificing than men. Attempts to limit or ban the practice had been made by few individual British officers few years back but without the backing of the British East India Company. The first formal British ban was imposed in 1798, in the city of Calcutta. The practice continued in surrounding regions. But finally yesterday i. e. on 4 December 1829, the practice was formally banned in the Bengal Presidency lands, by the governor, Lord William Bentinck.

Sibl free essay sample

The formal corporate sector, this Bank would, among others, offer the most up-to date banking services through opening of various types of deposit and investment accounts, financing trade, providing letters of guarantee, opening letters of credit, collection of bills effecting domestic and international transfer, leasing of equipment and consumer durables, hire purchase and installment sale for capital goods, investment in low-cost housing and management of real estates, participatory investment in various industrial, agricultural , transport, educational and health projects and so on. In the Non-formal non-corporate sector, it would, among others, involve in cash Waqf Certificate and development and management of WAQF and MOSQUE properties, and Trust funds Historical Background of SIBL:SIBL formed with the Bank Company Act 1991, the rules and regulation issued by the Bangladesh Bank, the Company Act 1994, the Securities and Exchange Rules 1987 and other applicable laws and regulations in 1999. The first meeting of the Board of Directors of the bank was constituted with 13 Directors. We will write a custom essay sample on Sibl or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Management The management of the bank is vested on a board of directors, for overall supervision and directions on policy matters by the board. The power of general supervision and control of the affairs of the bank is exercise by the president and the managing director of the bank who is the Chief executive. Management Hierarchy Managing Director Executive Vice President Vice President Sr. Assistant Vice President Assistant Vice President Executive Officer Senior Officer Officer Junior Officer Assistant Officer Products of SIBL 1. 1Types of Accounts: 1. 1. 1General Products are: Al Wadiah Current Deposit (AWCD): Profit Rate 0. 0% ?  Individual Account ?  Joint Account ?  Proprietor Ship Account ?  Limited Company Account Mudarabah Savings Deposits (MSD): Profit Rate 4% ?  Individual Account ?  Joint Account ?  Proprietor Ship Account Mudarabah Notice Deposits (MND): Profit Rate 4. 00% ?  Individual Account ?  Joint Account ?  Proprietor Ship Account ?  Limited Company Acc ount ( Mudaraba Term Deposit(MTDR): Term deposit is one, which is repayable after the expiry of a predetermined period fixed by the client. The period varies form 1 month to 36 months. These deposits are not repayable on demand but they are withdrawable subject to a period of notice. Hence, it is a popularly known as ‘Time Deposit’ or ‘Time Liabilities†. Normally the money on a fixed deposit is not repayable before the expiry of a fixed period. Before opening a Term Deposit Account, a customer has to fill up an application form which contains the followings: ?  Amount in figures ?  Beneficiary’s name and address ?  Period ?  Date of issue ?  Date of maturity ?  Instructions: To be renewed automatically with Profit for the next period.    Pay Profit to account no. ______on maturity ?  Special instruction ?  How the account will be operated (singly or jointly) ?  Signature (s)   MTDR no. Then a MTDR account is opened and it is recorded in the MTDR Register which contains the following information,- ? MTDR A/C no. ?  MTDR (Mudrabah Term Deposit Receipt) no. ?  Name of the MTDR Holder with address ?  Maturity period ?  Maturity date ?  Profit rate In case of Term Deposit Account the Bank needs to mainta in a cash reserve. So, SIBL offers a high Profit rate in Fixed Deposit accounts. The Profit rates followed by SIBL in Fixed Deposit accounts are:

AP Investigation Lab #13 Enzyme Activity Essay Example

AP Investigation Lab #13 Enzyme Activity Essay Example AP Investigation Lab #13 Enzyme Activity Paper AP Investigation Lab #13 Enzyme Activity Paper Background Information Part 1 In the first part of the enzyme lab, we mixed a substrate and an indicator with an enzyme. There was also a neutral buffer in each of the chemical mixtures. The neutral buffer regulated the pH to around 7. We got a color palette and once we mixed each together, we observed and saw a change in the color of the substance. The darker and more brown the substance got, the more oxygen produced by the reaction. Our results showed that amount of oxygen produced increased about 10% a minute until it sort of equilibrated at 4 minutes and didnt change to the fifth minute ark. If we were to change anything we did in the experiment, we would make our comparisons to the chart more precise. Overall we thought it was successful. Part 2 In part two of the enzyme lab, we have 12 different test tubes, six of each (#1, 2, 4, 9, 11, and 12) being a substrate with guiacol product indicator, and a neutral buffer. The guiacol is a naturally organic compound and is actually a phosphate. The other six test tubes (#3, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10) had the enzyme turnip peroxidase and different pH solutions for each of the six test tubes. The different pH levels were 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, nd 10. The lower the pH, the more acidic the liquid is. The higher the pH, the more basic with alkaline. We mixed the six test tubes with the first tube of chemicals with their corresponding tube and pH as labeled in the instructions. We measured the rate of oxygen produced in each using the color palette like we did in part one of this lab. We found that the more neutral (closer to pH 7) the higher the reaction rate. When the pH level was very acidic or basic, the rate of reaction was lower. In terms of comparison to color, the more neutral the pH, the darker the solution was. The olution was lighter when the rate was lower. This happened because of the enzymes tolerance to outside factors. In this experiment, it was pH, but other factors could be temperature and the amount of inhibitors interrupting the reaction. If we could change anything we did in this experiment we would test all pH levels (1-14), line them up in order, then compare them to see if our data was actually correct. We felt this experiment was accurate. Part 3 In part three we were required to design our own experiment. We chose to control the temperature of the enzyme. We thought that if the temperature of the enzyme as increased to 100 degrees Fahrenheit, then the reaction rate would be slowed, if not completely stopped, because of its functional range. When enzymes are at a higher temperature, they are said to be less reactant with substrates. Put neutral buffer, 0. 1% H202 substrate, and a product indicator. In the other test tube, we put our enzyme, turnip peroxidase, and the neutral buffer and heated it up on a hot plate. This was supposed to decrease the productivity of the enzyme. We mixed the two solutions together and observed them on a minute to minute basis. We were correct in our hypothesis, because the reaction rate was 25% slower. If we could change anything in this experiment that might have gone wrong, we would have had a more accurate temperature rea01ng 0T our enzyme t . I was successTul I temperature effects enzymes. Question Hypothesis n provlng Would oxygen be produced if we combined a substrate, enzyme, and a neutral buffer? If all substrate and enzymes create a reaction, then there would be oxygen produced because all reactions have a product created. art 2 Do different pH levels affect the percent of oxygen produced in the reaction? If we had to specifically use a neutral buffer with a pH of 7 in part 1, then it would affect he percent of oxygen produced because the different pH levels have a different stabilizing effect. part 3 What will happen if we change the temperature of the enzymes to 1000 Fahrenheit? If the temperature of the enzyme i s increased to 1000 Fahrenheit, then the reaction rate will be slowed, if not completely stopped because of its functional range. Methods and Procedures 1 . We measured 2. 5 mL of 0. 1% H202 {the substrate), 2. mL of guaiacol (the product indicator), and 10 mL of neutral buffer (pH 7) with a syringe and disposed it into test tube SPNB. 2. We inverted twice to mix the SPBN test tube 3. We measured 2. 5 mL of turnip peroxidase (the enzyme) and 10 mL of neutral buffer (pH 7) with a syringe and disposed it into test tube ENB. 4. We inverted twice to mix the ENB test tube. 5. We disposed the contents of test tube SPNB into ENB using a disposable transfer pipet and inverted twice to mix the solution 6. In 1 minute intervals, we observed the color changes of the reactions and compared them to the color palette. We did this for 5 minutes. 1. We measured 2 mL of diluted hydrogen peroxide (the substrate), 1 mL of guaiacol (the product indicator), and 1 mL of neutral buffer (pH 7) with a syringe and disposed t into tubes 1,2,4,9, 11, and 12. 2. We measured 1 mL of turnip peroxidase (the enzyme) and 3 mL of neutral buffer (pH corresponding to the test tube number i. e. pH 5 in test tube 5) with a syringe and disposed it into tubes 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10 3. We poured tube 1 with the solution in tube 3 to combine them. We repeated this for all 0T tne tunes. Eacn 0T tne tunes In step 1 was mlxea wltn a tune In step 3, making there be 6 total test tubes with a solution in it. . We observed the test tubes and compared the colors produced from the reaction to the color palette in 1 minute intervals for 5 minutes total. ube SPNB. 2. We inverted twice to mix the SPBN test tube. 3. We measured 10 mL of neutral buffer (pH 7) with a syringe and disposed it into test tube ENB. 4. We heated up 2. 5 mL of turnip peroxidase (the enzyme) to 1000 Fahrenheit and disposed it into test tube ENB. 5. We inverted twice to mix the ENB test tube. 6. We disposed the contents of test tube SPNB into ENB using a disposable transfer pipet and inverted twice to mix the solution. 7. In 1 minute intervals, we observed the Data: Tables and Graphs Time Minutes pH Percent 2 3 4 5 Rate 0. 75 inutes Ibe #3 Ibe #5 ube #6 ube #7 ube ube #10 00% Minutes pH Level 50 Conclusion In conclusion, we wanted to know if oxygen would be produced if we combined a substrate, enzyme, and neutral buffer. We thought if all substrates reacting with an enzyme create a reaction, then there would be oxygen produced because all reactions have a product created. Data shows that there was oxygen produced and it was produced at a rate of 0. 75, or 75% every minute. The rate was steadily going up until after 4 minutes. The percent of pH from 4 minutes to 5 minutes stayed at 90%. If we could change anything about this experiment, we would have measured the ubstrate, enzyme, neutral buffer, and product indicator more precise because there was an air bubble when we measured our desired amount with a syringe. Part 2 In conclusion, we wanted to know if the different pH levels affected the percent of oxygen produced in the reaction. We thought if we had to specifically use a neutral buffer with a pH of 7 in part 1, then it would affect the percent of oxygen produced because the different pH levels have a different stabilizing effect. Data shows that different pH level do affect the percent of oxygen produced. pH 10 created the least mount of oxygen (10%) and pH 3 produced the next least amount of oxygen (70%). The graph above was kind of like a hill and not a line going up or down, so we thought the farther away from pH 6 or pH 7, the less of a reaction it would have. We thought it was both pH 6 and pH 7 because we researched what a neutral buffer of pH 7 does, and it neutralizes the Part 3 In conclusion, we wanted to know if the temperature of the enzymes would affect the reaction rate. We thought if the temperature was increased to 1000 Fahrenheit, then the reaction rate would be slowed, if not completely stopped because its unction range. Data shows that the rate of the enzyme reaction was significantly slower when heated up to a higher temperature than when it was cold, the transition to one pH percent to tne next took longer. For example, It took 2 minutes Tor tne pH percent to go from 40 to 50, compared to part 1 , where it would take a minute to change to the next pH percent. The rate was 0. , or 50% every minute, compared to 75% every minute, as seen in part 1. If we would change anything about this experiment we would use Celsius instead of Fahrenheit, as the converting from 1000 Fahrenheit to 380 Celsius couldVe thrown off our experiment, because had to round the number and its a harder number to get an exact reading on the thermometer. Possible Sources of Errors Possible errors could have been: inaccurate measuring of the substrate, enzyme, neutral buffer, and/or product indicator, not comparing the reactions to the color palette at exact time and comparing it wrong. Possible errors could have been: putting the wrong pH levels in the wrong test tubes, inaccurate measuring of the substrate, enzyme, neutral buffer and/or product ndicator, comparing the test tube reactions at different times (for example: we compared test tube 3 to the color palette first and by the time we got to the other test tubes, some time has passed and it wasnt exactly at the minute), and poor Judgment on comparing the reactions to the color palette. eutral buffer, and/or product indicator, not heating the enzymes at exactly 1000 Fahrenheit (since the thermometer was in Celsius and we had to convert it to 380 Celsius), comparing the reactions to the color palette too early or too late, and poor judgment on comparing the reactions to the color palette. Part 2 Assessment Questions 1. The more neutral the pH level, the higher the reaction rate. I think it occurs because enzymes have a small range to maintain equilibrium. Therefore, changes in the pH, being more acidic or basic, affect it. . It reacts with the substrate, because it is an enzyme it created more oxygen in the tube but the enzyme stayed the same because they dont change in reactions. 3. It is depended on what we take out, all chemicals are needed to make the reaction happen. If we took some of one chemical out it wouldnt affect it as much as much as if we took all of one out. If enzyme was aken out, the reaction wouldnt happen because there would be nothing for the substrate to react with. If we took the substrate, nothing would react with the enzyme. If the indicator was taken out, we wouldnt see the reaction. 4. Other factors that influence enzyme activity are temperature, substrate, and exposure to light. pH aTTects It Decause tne more neutral tne pH, tne more reactant It Is compared to IT pH was more acidic or basic. 5. Enzymes that break down food in your mouth and waste in your intestines. 6. The peroxidase from a mammal may be more active because a mammal is more complex than a turnip.

Baking Powder Versus Baking Soda

Baking Powder Versus Baking Soda Are you planning some holiday baking? If so, you can use your knowledge of kitchen chemistry to save a trip to the store if you run out of ingredients. One substitution that can be confusing is whether or not you can use baking powder and baking soda interchangeably. Both baking powder and baking soda are used to help baked goods rise, but they arent the same chemicals. The Deal With Baking Soda Baking soda is sodium bicarbonate. If you dont have baking soda, you can use baking powder, but you will need to add about twice as much because baking powder contains baking soda, but it also contains other ingredients. This substitution may affect the flavor of the food, not necessarily in a negative way. If the recipe calls for salt (sodium chloride), you may want to use slightly less. The Deal With Baking Powder Baking powder is sodium bicarbonate and potassium bitartrate. If you dont have baking powder, you cant substitute baking soda, but you can make baking powder using two parts cream of tartar and one part baking soda. For example, two teaspoons of cream of tartar plus one teaspoon of baking soda would give you three teaspoons of baking powder. Unless the recipes states otherwise, begin baking as soon as you have finished mixing the ingredients, since the chemical reaction that causes the rising starts as soon as wet and dry ingredients are mixed. Tell me more...

What were the causes and effects of the global financial crisis in Essay

What were the causes and effects of the global financial crisis in 2007 and three clear leasons for portfolio risk management that have emerged from this experience - Essay Example The financial crisis of 2007-2009 caused disastrous effects in the US economy as well as numerous other countries of the world. The effects have been so severe that the world still struggles to return to normalcy. The crisis is considered to have planted its roots since as early as 2001. This is the time when United States of America recovered from a minor recession due to the terrorist attacks and the dotcom bubble. Dotcom bubble was a stock market recession that took place due to the heavy investments in the dotcom companies. Many investments were made in the technological companies with the expectancy of gaining even greater profits. The US economy survived this setback in their economy but their minds feared the probability of an actual recession. Singh (2007) stated that the Federal Reserve decided to decrease the interest rate to 1.75% from a rate of 6.5% to avoid any occurrence of a recession. This lowering of the rate proved to be an attractive package for the people as many more individuals could finally make their dreams come true and make desired investments. What the concerned authorities did not predict were the consequences of such an increase of loans and mortgages. Due to the decrease in the interest rates, the people became restless buyers and started applying for more mortgages and loans. The demand for houses appreciated the property prices to a great extent and lowered rate for rented properties. A greater element of encouragement was introduced in the market when Federal Reserve lowered the interest rate even lower to only 1% in the mid of 2003. This was done with the aim of keeping the economy strong. Singh (2007) stated that this rate was the lowest one that was witnessed in the past 45 years. This gave an even bigger push for the people to invest as much as they possible could. Then, another factor was introduced in

Rewrite Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Rewrite - Essay Example WEKA enables the one of two options such as pruned tree or not pruned tree as shown in the figure. Figure 1: Properties of the Decision tree in the WEKA (J48) In addition to above features, the WEKA also performs the test options for data use and data classification. Usage of the Training set: Evaluation of the classifier is based on the prediction of the instances of a class, which is trained on. Supplied Test: Evaluation of the classifier is also performed on the prediction of the instances of a class, which is loaded from the file. Cross Validation: By entering the number of fold into the text field of the Fold in the WEKA explorer the classifier is evaluated. Percentage Split: Data percentage is predicted by the evaluation of a classifier that takes the data out for the testing. The percentage field determines the specification of data held. During the training, data is used and provided the value of percentage field that makes the important part. Value of the reminder is reserve d for the testing purposes. By the default, value of percentage split is stated as the 66%. Data about 34% is used for testing and remaining 66% is trained. Figure 2: WEKA with testing options Decision tree performance is determined by examining the cross validation and percentage split in the provided medical dataset. Usage of Cross Validation for generation of decision tree: In order to control the factors such as training’s set size and confidence by the process of cross validation, the flexibility is found in the decision tree of J48. Confidence factor is used to minimise or reduce the error rate of the classification. It is said that confidence factor is used to settle the problem of tree pruning. In order to classify the instances in a more accurate way, the classifier is given an opportunity by increasing the confidence factor and removing the noise of the training. The value of the confidence factor is 95% used for the dataset and leads to an outstanding outcome of 89 .2% for the correct and classified instances and only 10.7% is the classified incorrectly as shown in the following figure. Figure 3: Use of cross validation based on the option J-48 decision tree to generate the results by WEKA. In the above figure, the calculation of J48 decision tree has been shown which includes correct values in details. Confusion Matrix is the important point in the given figure, which describes the ways in which a classifier makes an error in the prediction of a class type. According to Dunham (2003) the confusion matrix provides the correctness of the solution for the given classification problem. Another term used as an alternative to the confusion matrix is the contingency table. Two classes having a single dataset contain a column and two rows for the confusion matrix as shown in the figure 4. Predicted Actual Figure 4: Confusion Matrix Here FP represents the incorrectly classified number of negatives as positives and called as the commission errors. TP r epresents correctly classified number of positives. TN represents the correct classification of negative numbers, and FN shows the incorrect classification of positive numbers as negative. These are called as the omission errors. Predictive accuracy becomes the way for measuring the performance of a classifier. Predictive accuracy is known as the calculated success rate determined by the use of predictive accuracy as the confusion mat

Hallstead Case Essay Example for Free

Hallstead Case Essay 1.)The breakeven point in number of sales has risen along with the breakeven point in sales dollars from 2003 to 2006. The margin of safety has decreased as well. Every year they have to increase the number of sales tickets then the previous year to meet their breakeven point. After 2004 when expansion of the store begun, Hallstead’s fixed cost have grown each year. The decrease from 2004 to 2006 is far less substantial than from 2003 to 2004. This damage is cause by the stores expansion. It is renting a much larger space down the street from its previous location. This has incurred much lager expenses each year then in than prior to 2004. 2.)Yes, the company’s income would increase. The new breakeven point in sales dollars would be approximately $6.03 million. 3.)Eliminating sales commission would have a huge effect on the breakeven volume. If they follow through with Gretchen’s idea of eliminating sales commission their expenses would decrease a great deal each year. They would not have to make nearly as many sales to breakeven. Although this could have an adverse effect on the sales volume. Employees will not be nearly as aggressive in making sales because it will not affect their personal income. Employees could act disapprovingly towards this new measure, affecting the bottom line negatively in the long run. 4.)If Hallstead added an additional $200,000 to advertising each year they would have to increase the sales volume considerably, that’s if they decide not to do away with sales commission. 5.)Average sales would have to increase over $24 to break even if fixed costs remained the same. 6.)I would recommend that Hallstead Jewelers listen to the consultant that suggested price reduction to increase sales. I believe this would be a smart move because with the new store they have room for more sales then the previous location so upping sales numbers is an important step. If reducing sales doesn’t help improve the bottom line, I would then suggest that they eliminate sales commission. Although this as been an important part of business, eliminating sales commission would greatly decrease their yearly expense. I think adding advertising after their recent move is extremely important. Although it is a $200,000 expense, it could increase sales significantly. These are my suggestions for Hallstead Jewelers

Eating Disorder Essay - Bulimarexia Changed My Life -- Personal Narrat

Bulimarexia Changed My Life It was a frigid day in September 2003, and I was on my way into school. This was the first day of school, in my Senior year. Everyone said it is suppose to be the best year of your high school career. However, it wasn't that way for me. I walked into school on that day, and I felt as if I had some terrible disease. People were avoiding me, ignoring me, and this had never happened before. I was always Miss Popularity all throughout school and I constantly had someone around me. Therefore, getting the cold shoulder was new to me. Day after day I would come to school feeling left out and alone. I had no idea what was happening to all my friends. Until one day I overheard some people talking about me. I was so hurt to hear the things being said, because it was far from the truth. These lies and rumors went on until November, when Homecoming was over. Every week there was a new rumor, a new lie, a new way to hurt me. One week I was a lesbian, the next week I dated every guy in school, any lie that anyone would believe. At first, I let it go in one ear and out the other. Even though it hurt, I didn't want anyone to know it bothered me. However, holding it inside was even worse. At this point I felt like I had no one to lean on, and nowhere to escape from this nightmare. I tried everything to make myself wake up and realize this was all a terrible dream. However, I never woke up and the horror continued. During this time my parents were having troubles as well. Hence, I felt like everything was coming down around me and I had no idea how to stop it. Finally, after about a month, I could not hold my feelings in any longer. I ended up falling into the horrible disease called bulimarexia. Bulimarexia is ... ...veryone is different and nothing is wrong with that. However, there is something wrong with a world made of the same mold. If God would have done that, do you know how boring this world would be? We would all know everything about one another, there would be nothing new to learn. Everyone is different for a reason and if someone can't accept that, then they are not worth your time or energy. To be yourself is a wonderful thing, and I am glad that I realized this now instead of later. I am enjoying myself and getting to live a less stressful life. I am so thankful to be able to share my story and hope that it will help everyone in some way. Remember that you are important just the way you are and that everyone should accept that, if they are your true friends. You are not a puppet and no one should expect that of you, if they respect your feelings and friendship! !!

Maths Coursework- Matrix Investigation

Maths SL Matrix Investigation I will try to investigate in powers of matrices (2Ãâ€"2). Also, try to find a pattern, if there is one. A=[pic] Using my GCD calculator to raise matrix A to different powers [pic]= [pic] [pic]= [pic] [pic]=[pic] [pic]= [pic] [pic]= [pic] [pic]= [pic] [pic]=[pic] The pattern that I can see is that when the power of matrix A is an even number e. g. 2,4,6,8 then the result is [pic] the identity matrix. However, when the power is an odd number the matrix stays the same so [pic] My prediction for [pic] matrix is: [pic] Using the GCD calculator I checked my answer and it is correct.The determinant for this matrix A is -1 because (1x(-1)-0x3), that means that if we multiply A with the inverse of A so [pic] the result would be [pic] identity matrix. [pic]= [pic] [pic] [pic] which basically shows us that the inverse of this matrix is the same as the original one. A general rule for [pic](using algebra) When the ‘n’ is an even number [pic]= A[pic] wh en the ‘n’ is an odd number [pic]= A(A[pic] It’s basically really simple one because of the determinant, which was -1, so when we make it as a fraction [pic] the result is still the same.Now, I am considering the matrix B= [pic] Using my GCD calculator I am calculating B raised to different powers. [pic]= [pic] [pic]= [pic] [pic]= [pic] [pic]= [pic] [pic]= [pic] The determinant of this matrix is -4 so probably the formula from before would not work because it’s not an identity matrix. But what we can see it is somehow related to the identity matrix. Because of the first result, which is just squaring, is 4x[pic] From these calculations I can see that the formula for an even powers would be: [pic]= [pic] so [pic]= [pic] = [pic] [pic]= [pic] = [pic]And when the power is an odd number det= -4 [pic]= [pic][pic] [pic] so [pic]= [pic] = [pic]=[pic] [pic]= [pic] = [pic]=[pic] My prediction for [pic] would be [pic]= [pic] = [pic]=[pic]= [pic] =[pic] As I checked i t using my GCD calculator and it is right we can consider that the formula is working for matrix B, which has a determinant equal to -4 Now I am trying to generalized this rule and try different values for a, b and n. pic] Using the GCD [pic]= [pic] [pic]= [pic] Checking with the formula (the determinant is equal to -16) [pic] So [pic] [pic]= [pic] = [pic]= [pic] Using the GCD and formula to see if the pattern is working: [pic]=[pic] [pic] So [pic] (the determinant is equal to -9) [pic]=[pic] [pic]=[pic]=[pic] [pic]=[pic] [pic]= [pic] The formula works so far, however now I am going to try raise matrix to a negative power and see, if the formula is working: [pic] I can’t put it into the calculator.But we know that when we raise something to the negative power is the same as: e. g. [pic] = [pic] [pic]=[pic] [pic] [pic]=[pic] [pic]= [pic] The rule for negative powers make sense, we would always end up with 1 over matrix. So simply saying when the n was a positive odd number the matrix was [pic] and when n was the same but negative the result was [pic] so almost the same but every element in the matrix was 1 over the result from the positive. Now I am going to try a different value for b: [pic] = [pic] [pic]= [pic] pic] = [pic] [pic]=[pic] We could also consider the power n= [pic] [pic] Which we can rearrange as [pic] We can’t really use the pattern here because we cannot square root the matrices The results hold true in general because the third element(c) was always 0. Which made the determinant always a negative number and multiplication of two the same numbers e. g. (2x-2) (3x-3) It is important because of the rule, so when we use odd numbers as a power a formula is that n-1 which makes it an even number, which then is divided by two.Now, I will consider powers of the form [pic] Using the GCD: [pic]= [pic] the determinant is equal to(-4-4)=-8 [pic]=[pic] [pic]= [pic] so [pic] = [pic] [pic]= [pic] so [pic] [pic]= 64[pic]=[pic] [pic] determinant = -19 [pic]= [pic] =[pic] [pic]= [pic] =[pic] it doesn’t work [pic]= [pic] =[pic]= [pic] [pic]= [pic] =[pic]= [pic] when I do [pic]= [pic] the formula doesn’t work anymore so I’ll try this one [pic]= [pic] [pic] = [pic] which is the same as in the calculator et’s see with the other matrix [pic] the determinant= -19 [pic]= [pic] = [pic] [pic]= [pic] =[pic]= [pic] [pic]= [pic] [pic] = [pic] As we can see the generalized rule is: For even powers: [pic]= [pic] Now I need to find out the formula for odd powers [pic]= [pic] so [pic] [pic]= 64[pic]=[pic] [pic] [pic] the determinant =-19 [pic]=[pic] [pic]= 19 [pic]= [pic] [pic]=[pic] [pic]=[pic] Using my GCD I checked the answer and it’s the same. The general rule for odd powers: [pic]= [pic]

Data Commentary on Obesity Essay

Introduction After reading and evaluating six articles written by experts on obesity, the data seems to imply that better educating people about how their behavioral lifestyle choices effect their future and current health is the best solution. The six journal articles evaluated and analyzed include: David Freedman’s article, â€Å"How to Fix the Obesity Epidemic,† published in Scientific American in 2011. Green Gregory’s article, â€Å"Physical Activity and Childhood Obesity: Strategies and Solutions for Schools and Parents,† published in Education in 2012. Micheal Wietings article, â€Å"Cause and Effect of Childhood Obestiy: Solutions for a National Epidemic,† published in The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association in 2008. George Blackburn’s article, â€Å" Science Based Solutions to Obesity: What are the Roles of Academia, Government, Industry, and Healthcare,† published in 2005 in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. As well a s, â€Å"Obesity Solutions: Report of a meeting,† published in Nutrition Reviews in 1997. Kate Dailey’s article â€Å" Can Laws fix the Obesity Crisis,† published in Newsweek in 2010 Evaluation In his article, â€Å"How to Fix the Obesity Crisis† David Freedman explores topics such as how the US has blindly gone down the path of obesity, what researchers are doing currently to fix the problem, and how these solutions will pan out over future generations. Obese people cost the government millions in medical bills each year while the problem has not hindered. One problem with the research is that many findings challenge one another, which leads to contradicting solutions. Freedman focuses on weight loss programs, such as weight watchers, which have proved successful over recent years. As well as how they have been able to attain success. These programs have shed positive light on the issue, unfortunately there is no way to know if they can maintain success over time and larger populations. David Freedman is a senior editor at Forbes ASAP, and has appeared in many respected journals, such as The Harvard Business Review. The information and statistics stated in his paper are backed by research scientists from respected schools, such as John Hopkins University of School and Medicine, as well as the Kennedy Krieger Institute. Freedman also cites journals such as the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. He begins his arguments by stating facts or statistics from these credible sources, then explains how and why they are relevant, creating a non-biased argument on the issue. The article was written in 2011 and cites statistics as recent as 2010 making all information relevant to the issue as it stands presently. Some experts believe that it is partly the government’s responsibility to fix the problems associated with obesity. Kate Dailey explores this issue in her article, â€Å"Can Laws Fix the Obesity Crisis?† Movements in larger cities such as San Francisco put bans on restaurants, such as McDonalds for advertising high caloric food without also advertising the nutritional facts. These efforts are often shot down early by government officials because of the financial impact they have on corporations. Even when government funds obesity fixes their efforts are too often based on a â€Å"best guess† basis because results of an action are difficult to quantify. Kate Dailey utilizes actual actions governments have taken against obesity in American cities and explains the results that stem from these actions. Newspapers such as the LA Times and San Fransisco Chronicle are primary accounts finding first-hand how these experiments have faired upon implementation. Kate is a senior articles editor at Newsweek, and she reviews hundreds of articles on a broad variety of issues each week. In her article she states both positive and negative impacts of the government taking a stand on obesity, allowing readers to make their own conclusions on the issue. Adult obesity is often preceded by childhood obesity, Gregory Green explores this issue in his article â€Å"Physical Activity and Childhood Obesity : Strategies and Solutions for Schools and Parents.† The youth of today spend more time on passive sedentary activities than they do any others. This  leaves youth not only inactive but also exposed to the ruthless world of advertising by food conglomerates. Obesity does not merely hinder youth physically but mentally as well; once youth see themselves a certain way it is difficult to dissuade their thinking. Parents and schools can play a major role in assisting children by educating them and giving only healthy options when eating. Gregory Green is a Professor at Fort State Valley University where he teaches Health and Physical Education department on top of being the university’s Faculty Athletics Representative . Green consistently cites the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in his article, the leading center for all things disease related, as well as a plethora of articles written by his peers. Green utilizes facts to support claims throughout the paper, which allows him to leave personal opinion and bias out of context. Michael Wieting also explores causes to childhood obesity, and how it links to a lifetime of obesity. Obesity is a caused by â€Å"attacks† on multiple fronts, such as lack of education, genetic factors, and negative advertising by the food industry. Societal factors play large roles against obese children. In urban neighborhoods there is often a lack of open area for activity. Urban areas also lack supermarkets where the healthy food is located. Only in realizing the many causes of obesity is it possible to brainstorm solutions. Advocacy and regulation can play a large role in prevention of the problem while physicians consistently research medical solutions for the obese community. Michael Wieting is a professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at Lincoln Memorial University where he is also the Dean of Clinical Medicine. Like Green, Wieting cites the Center for Disease Control and Prevention often throughout his paper. Wieting acknowledges different causes and solutions in his paper, and pulls information from many different scholarly papers written by his peers. His paper avoids bias by explaining multiple viewpoints on the issue, which allows the reader to interpret and make conclusions without any sway from the author. The article was written in 2008 and cites sources from the same year, making the statistics relevant  relevant and current information. George Blackburn reminds readers about the science behind the epidemic of obesity in his article, â€Å"Science Based Solutions to Obesity: What are the Roles of Academia, Government, Industry, and Healthcare.† Scientists are constantly researching reasons behind why some people are obese as well as possible scientific solutions that go beyond the everyday â€Å"go to the gym† solution. As obesity kills more and more people each year, medical institutions are making a point to study the biochemistry behind the issue. Blackburn is an expert in the field of healthcare and nutrition, he currently works as the Associate Director of the Division of Nutrition at Harvard University. Blackburn is on the cutting edge of healthcare information concerning nutrition, which is pertinent to the matter of obesity and fixing the effects obesity has had on the country. The article was written in 2005, however, none of the information in the article has been disproved since the time of publication, which means it is all pertinent to the issue. Blackburn also leaves personal opinion out of the discussion by stating proven facts and explaining why the facts are detrimental to our well-being. In 1997 a workshop entitled â€Å"Obesity Solutions† was held at St. Lukes-Roosevelt Hospital in New York City in order to address the problem of obesity spreading across America. Scientists had begun finding reasons for obesity which went beyond merely overeating and lack of exercise. Genes in the body and proteins encoded by those genes were found to be one of the many causes for obesity. While nutritional food intake and exercise could greatly impact obesity those new discoveries can yield freedoms to obese people they had never before experienced. This report was groundbreaking and paved the way for millions of dollars in obesity research over the decade that followed. Twelve medical professionals had input in the â€Å"obesity solutions† workshop, all of which were qualified by respected institutions to be part of the research. Although the research is almost fifteen years old it has been the  starting pad for larger discoveries and remains as relevant as it was when it was first discovered. Science remains immune to personal bias because results are not interpreted, they are stated. The scientists thoughts and opinions on the topic are absent, therefore having no impact on the paper. Synthesis The scientific and nutritional community agree that obesity needs to be put to an end as soon as possible for the benefit of all. Experts do not always agree as to the best possible solutions to the problem. They argue that certain solutions can bring about better results than others. Obesity may be solved through government lobbying and intervention, through medical intervention utilizing pharmaceutical drugs or surgery, or behavior modification of obese through healthy eating and exercise.. The government plays a huge role in American citizens’ lives even if most people do not notice or realize. The government regulates what we see on television, what the food industry can and can not do, as well as the curriculum American children are taught in school every single day. The government should be taking steps to end the biggest killer in America: obesity. Blackburn argues, â€Å"the need to update and refine school curricula as a key objective in the fight against obesity.† (Blackburn) This is pertinent to success in defeating obesity because there is an unacceptable health illiteracy in America currently. Kids are not taught how to eat healthy until they take health class in tenth grade in most school districts today. Not only are they kept in the dark when it comes to nutritional information, they are not given the opportunity to combat obesity through physical activity. Wieting cites the CDC, â€Å"participation in physical education has declined 30% in the past decade.† (Wieting) This is a direct result of government interference in Wietings opinion due to â€Å"state and federal pressure to improve performance on proficiency tests by reducing-or eliminating-time for recess and physical education classes.† (Wieting) This proves that governments are more worried about bringing tax dollars home than maintaining a healthy lifestyle within the community it serves. Some argue that the government is taking measures to â€Å"combat obesity† when  in reality they have no effect on the problem. Communities are different all over the country, and â€Å"it’s difficult to evaluate the success rates or determine whether what works in one place will play well in another.† (Dailey) In other words, this means it is difficult to implement the same plans in places where climate psychographics are drastically different. In order to succeed, experimentation will have to take place around the country and implementation of different solutions must occur in order to find out what the most successful approach is. The scientific community can gives a helping hand not only in research of the obesity cause, but also scientific solutions. Scientists are able to discover which types of nutrients are able to help the body shed fat. In 1997 at the â€Å"obesity meeting† in New York it was discovered that, â€Å"high protein diets provide the best short term results, however long term effects are similar, if not the same than most diets.† (Albu) This is important for those just beginning to diet, proving that encouraging beginnings to weight loss positively correlates to successful behavior modification. Scientists have discovered differences in the genotypes of healthy people compared to those of obese people. Genes code for different types of proteins in the body, which have specific jobs to do in maintaining health. the protein Leptin is meant to control the body’s food intake, to tell the body it is full when it has had enough to eat. The New York meeting discovered that â€Å"circulating leptin is reduced in obese subjects during times of hypocaloric intake.† (Albu) Obese people do not stop eating because their brains fail to receive the message that they are full; instead they continue to eat an unhealthy amount of food. Behavior modification and lifestyle changes continue to be the front runner as a cure to the epidemic. â€Å"Programs based on behavioral principles are more likely to help people take and keep off weight than other approaches.† (Freedman) This is the conclusion of a study that was funded by weight watchers, completed by an unbiased third party. The conclusions find that changes in lifestyle by consistently tracking calorie intake, keeping an exercise journal, and recording weight values weekly. are frontrunners the  cure for obesity. Weight loss does not happen quickly, but rather at a snails pace and long term change is critical. Today children are brought up into obese lifestyles which they have no control over. Often times obese children know nothing about healthy meal choices or the positive impact of exercise. â€Å"Today’s children spend hours participating in sedentary activities, and eat more fast food and vending machine food than older generations have in the past.† (Green) Green argues that the lifestyle that Generation Y is being raised in and the social norms that they have been taught are acceptable encourage obese behavior. Commentary It is clear that obesity is caused by a multitude of problems ranging from medical conditions which people have no control over, to lifestyle choices which obese people are encouraged to act proactively about. Continued scientific research allows the community to better understand what causes obesity in certain cases. Research may also lead to an end all be all solution to obesity that could save the lives of millions. It is also clear that taking an active part in changing lifestyle can dramatically improve the future wellbeing of the country. Actively teaching people about the negative impacts their choices have on their own lives could save many misinformed, uneducated people. The data seems to imply that better educating people about how their behavioral lifestyle choices effect their future and current health is the best solution. An education system that stresses healthy living through better eating habits as well as an emphasis on physical education could help to fix the behavioral problems seen in many obese victims. Work Cited Albu, J., Allison, D., Boozer, C. N., Heymsfield, S., Kissileff, H., Kretser, A., Krumhar, K., Leibel, R., Nonas, C., Pi-Sunyer, X., Vanltallie, T. and Wedral, E. (1997), Obesity Solutions: Report of a Meeting. Nutrition Reviews, 55: 150–156. Web. 2 Mar. 2014 Blackburn, George L., and Allan Walker. â€Å"Science-based Solutions to Obesity: What Are the Roles of Academia, Government, Industry, and Health Care?† The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 82.1 (2005): 2075-105. Web. 2 Mar. 2014. Dailey, Kate. â€Å"Can Laws Fix The Obesity Crisis?† Newsweek.com 16 Nov. 2010. Academic OneFile. Web. 2 Mar. 2014. Freedman, David H. â€Å"How To Fix The Obesity Crisis.† Scientific American 304.2 (2011): 40-47. Military and Government Collection. Web. 2 Mar. 2014 Green, Gregory, Brenda Hargrove, and Clarence Riley. â€Å"Physical activity and childhood obesity: strategies and solutions for schools and parents.† Education 132.4 (2012): 915+. Academic OneFile. Web. 2 Mar. 2014 Wieting, Micheal J. â€Å"Cause and Effect of Childhood Obesity: Solutions for a National Epidemic.† The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 108.10 (2008): 545-52. Web. 2 Mar. 2014.

An Appreciation of the Short Story The Black Veil by Charles Dickens Essays

An Appreciation of the Short Story The Black Veil by Charles Dickens Essays An Appreciation of the Short Story The Black Veil by Charles Dickens Paper An Appreciation of the Short Story The Black Veil by Charles Dickens Paper Essay Topic: Black Boy Literature Charles Dickens, as a novel writer, is renown for writing in excessive amounts in order to describe people or the atmosphere, or for setting scenes. However, in his short stories, such as The Black Veil, he has to keep the story short, and so cannot afford to go into as much detail as he would prefer. However, being one of the great authors of all time, he still manages to create classic works in just a few pages. The Black Veil is approximately 10 pages long, which, compared with Dickens novels, is very short indeed, even smaller than a usual chapter in a novel. In the first paragraph, Dickens ttempts to set the scene by describing the weather. Usually, he would write for a relatively long time about such a thing, but here he has to keep it short, spending only a paragraph on the subject. He decides to make the weather outside very harsh in order to quickly set an atmospheric mood of cold and dark, and mystery. He backs up his description of how bad the weather is by contrasting it with the surgeons warm home. First, he thought how hard the wind was blowing and how the cold, sharp rain would be at that moment beating in his face if he were not comfortably housed at home. Dickens also spends little time in describing the surgeon himself, not even telling the reader his name. However, it does mention a character called Rose, who the surgeon wishes to marry. This outlines the surgeons aims in life, and also his problems. Then he began to wonder when his first patient would appear or whether he was destined, by a special dispensation of providence, never to have any patients at all. In this opening paragraph, Dickens has set the scene and has added the start of a plot through a, at this point, very vague character. The next paragraph introduces another character who is intended by Dickens to add both ension and a comical effect to the story. The character has very little description, but from what there is, the reader imagines a chubby little boy eating peppermints all day. He introduces the main subject of the story, the woman in the black veil, and does so in an interesting, and somewhat amusing way. The main purpose of the boy is to add a wider perspective of the woman. He causes suspense and tension, as well as excitement from the way he tries to tell the surgeon of the visitor, but is obviously afraid of her. The boy makes the woman seem disturbing and frightening. The next paragraph describes the womans appearance, vaguely, but showing that she is of a strange appearance. She does not say anything for a long time, adding to the suspense and making her seem even stranger. The woman then tells the surgeon of her problem, which to the reader, and the surgeon, sounds ridiculus. There is a sense of mystery and confusion, as the reader cannot comprehend why the woman will not let the surgeon help the man she speaks of until it is too late. Dickens makes the woman sound desperate and deeply concerned for the person she talks of, but he does not reveal why the woman will not let the surgeon see he man. Tomorrow morning he of whom I speak will be I know, though I would fain think otherwise, beyond the reach of human aid; and yet, tonight, though he is in deadly peril, you must not and could not serve him. Dickens continues to keep the reader confused, not giving away the reason why the surgeon cannot help the man, constantly repeating the fact that he is going to die before tomorrow, but he cannot be helped until tomorrow. Dickens then issues some possibilities of why the man cannot be seen, or helped until tomorrow. He does this to keep the reader thinking and to keep them interested.

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Consumer Behavior Master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Consumer Behavior Master - Essay Example The following are the 6 stages: Stage 1: Problem Recognition or in other words awareness of need-In this stage the consumer realizes the need for a certain product. For example, when a person is hungry, he thinks of eating some thing. Hunger--Food. Hunger stimulates your need to eat. But this kind of thought can easily be stimulated through advertisements. Children are often attracted by the advertisements of ice creams, chocolates and lot of other items. In other words when a person recognizes that there is some deficit in their life, they try to fulfill those needs. When one see a commercial for a new pair of shoes, it stimulates the recognition the need for a new pair of shoes. Stage 2: Information search-Once a person realizes the need for an item, then the second immediate step would be to find out more information about the item. This can be done through internal search, memory, print and visual media, friends and relatives, word of mouth, marketer dominated sources, comparison shopping, public sources etc. A successful information search leaves a buyer with possible alternatives or in other words different brands. For example, when a person is hungry, and wants to go to a restaurant, he has probably a set of restaurants to choose from depending on what kind of food item he likes to have. It can be Chinese food, Indian food, burger king, or klondike kates etc. Stage 3: Evaluation of Alternatives-Once a set of alternatives are present it is time for evaluation of each of them. Hence there is a need to establish criteria for evaluation, features the buyer wants or does not want, in the case of restaurant tastes that the customer likes. The customer based on the criteria for evaluation rank or weight alternatives. If the customer is not satisfied then they resume search. For example, if the customer wants to eat something spicy, then the Indian food gets highest rank. If not satisfied with the choices then return to the search phase to find another restaurant. Look in the yellow pages or internet etc. Information from different sources may be treated differently. Marketers try to influence by "framing" alternatives. Stage 4: Purchase decision-The fourth step is the stage when the final decision is made. Choose buying alternative, includes product, package, store, method of purchase etc. Stage 5: Purchase--May differ from decision, time lapse between stage no 4 and 5, product availability. However, this is one of the most important stages in the process. Stage 6: Post-Purchase Evaluation-This is the stage of outcome that can be either satisfaction or dissatisfaction. For example, if the Indian food was very delicious, the customer will be satisfied but if it was not up to the expectation of the customer, then the customer might be dissatisfied and will be reluctant to go to the same restaurant the next time (udel.edu, N.D.). 2. Two major learning theories have dominated research and teaching in consumer behavio